1.2 Organizational Behavior System | Basic Assumptions of Organizational Behavior

… Hey there! Welcome to the second lesson of Unit 1. In this lesson, we will be covering Organizational Behavior System & Basic Assumptions of Organizational Behavior. As usual, I ask you to carefully study all these notes and think aloud or write down what you’ve learnt for effective memory. So, let’s get started.

हुन्छ Sir …..अब सुरु गरिहालौं!

Organizational Behavior System

Concept of Organizational Behavior System

An organizational behavior system is a way to look at how people work together in an organization. It has three parts: inputs, processes, and outputs. Inputs are the things that go into the system like people, money, and resources. Processes are the activities that transform inputs into outputs, such as production, marketing, and management. Outputs are the things that come out of the system like products, services, and profits. The organizational behavior system is a way to understand how all of these things work together to make an organization successful.

Input, Process and Output variables

1. Input variables: These are the things that come into a company and affect how people behave. They can be things about individuals, groups, or the whole organization.

  • Individual level input variables are the things about a person, like their skills, attitudes, knowledge and how they feel about their job.
  • Group level input variables are things that affect how a group works together. They are about the group’s qualities, who is in the group, and the situation they are in.
  • Organizational level input variables are the things about the whole company, like its rules, culture, structure, and policies.

2.Process variables: These are the things that happen inside a company that affect behavior. They can be things about individuals, groups, or the whole organization.

  • Individual level process variables are the behaviors of employees, such as their communication styles, decision-making ways, and work habits.
  • Group level process variables are the things like how a team talks and makes decisions, how individuals interact among group members, including their communication, conflict resolution, and leadership within the group.
  • Organizational level process variables are the processes implemented by the organization, such as performance management, training programs.

3. Output variables: These are the end results or the end behavior that an organization produces from its input and process variables. They can be tangible products, such as goods or services, or intangible outcomes, such as customer satisfaction.

  • Individual level output variables are individual performance, job satisfaction, employee engagement, and career development outcomes.
  • Group level output variables are team performance, satisfaction with teamwork, and shared goals achievement.
  • Organizational level output variables are organizational performance, financial results, customer satisfaction, and employee retention (जागिरमा टिकिरहने अवस्था).

Overall, the input, process, and output variables of organizational behavior systems work together in a cyclical process of continuous improvement. Understanding these variables helps companies improve how they work and make things better for everyone involved.

एउटा उदाहरण हेरौं है त:
Let’s see an example of how input, process, and output variables work together in an organization.

A company wants to make a new product. To do this, the company needs to hire engineers to design the product, buy materials and use machines to make the product. The company then sells the product to customers and makes a profit from selling the product.

In this example, the input variables are the engineers, the materials, and the machines. The process variables are the design, the manufacturing, and the sales. The output variables are the product and the profit.

Basic Assumptions of Organizational Behavior

Basic Assumptions of Organizational Behavior

There are two main categories of basic assumptions in organizational behavior – Assumptions about the Nature of People and Assumptions about the Nature of Organizations.

1. Assumptions about The Nature of People
This category of assumptions deals with how people are motivated, how they learn and develop, and how they interact with others. The main assumptions in this category are:

a. Individual Differences:  Individual differences assume that people are different from one another. They have their own abilities, skills, and personality traits. They also come from diverse backgrounds and have different experiences. These may influence their behavior and performance in an organization. Recognizing and respecting these differences helps create a more inclusive and effective work environment. Managers should understand the differences and act accordingly to maximize individual and organizational performance.

भनेको मतलब People are different from each other in terms of their abilities, personality, values, and needs. त्यसैले manager हरुले हरेक people लाई उनीहरुको स्वभाव र needs अनुसार फरक फरक शैलीमा deal गर्नु पर्ने हुन्छ।

b. A Whole Person: A whole person assumes that people have personal lives, interests, and emotions. When they come in an organization they bring their entire selves, including their emotions, attitudes, values, and beliefs, to the workplace. These things may impact their interactions with others. Managers should consider the holistic (whole) well-being of individuals to create a supportive and positive work environment. Giving focus to the whole person helps promote engagement, loyalty, and overall employee satisfaction.

भनेको मतलब People can not be just limited to their role in their jobs. They have a life outside of work also. त्यसैले managers should consider the personal lives of their employees when making decisions.

c. Motivated Behavior: Motivated behavior assumes that people are driven by their needs, desires, and goals. They seek rewards and recognition for their efforts. They want motivation from different factors, such as financial rewards or job satisfaction. Therefore, managers need to understand and satisfy these motives to enhance employees’ performance and satisfaction. Individual motivations improves employee engagement and productivity.

भनेको मतलब People’s behavior is motivated by a variety of factors like their needs, desires and goals. Therefore, managers should understand this and help their employees to fulfill their needs, desires and goals.

d. Value of Person: The value of a person assumes that every individual has inherent worth and deserves respect. Individuals’ skills and knowledge benefit the organization so, they should be treated with dignity. Managers should respect and recognize the contribution of each person in the organization. Valuing individuals promote loyalty, commitment, and a sense of belonging within the organization.

भनेको मतलब People have value (महत्व) and self-dignity (आत्म-सम्मान), and therefore managers should treat their employees with respect and dignity.

एउटा काम गर्नुस् त। 5 पटक जोडसंग “I am a Whole Person with Motivated Behavior and Value र I have individual differences” भनेर हल्लिदै भन्नुस त। पुरै 5 पटक नै भन्नुस् है 🙂

2. Assumptions about The Nature of Organizations (*MES*)
This category of assumptions deals with how organizations function, how they interact with their people, and how they are built. The main assumptions in this category are:

a. Mutuality of Interest (Shared Interest): Mutuality of interest assumes that organizations consist of people with different roles and responsibilities, but they share a common interest in achieving organizational goal. The success of the organization is closely tied to the well-being and success of its employees. When the interests of individuals and the organization go together, it creates a mutually beneficial relationship. Managers should create an environment where the needs and interests of both individuals and the organization are met. This leads to increased employee satisfaction and organizational performance.

भनेको मतलब Organizations and their members have a shared interest in the organization’s success.

b. Ethical Treatment: Ethical treatment assumes that organizations should treat their employees, customers, and others involved with the organization ethically and with fairness. Ethical treatment involves respecting the rights, dignity, and well-being of individuals. Managers should promote ethical behavior within an organization creates a positive work culture and builds trust. Ethical treatment includes transparency, honesty, and adhering to moral and legal standards. Organizations that prioritize ethical treatment enjoy a good reputation in the marketplace.

भनेको मतलब Organizations should treat their members in an ethical and fair manner. (नैतिक र उचित पाराले treat गर्नुपर्छ )

c. Social System: Social systems assume that organizations are made up of people and work together to achieve common goals. The relationships and interactions among individuals form a social system in an organization. The behavior of one person can have an impact on others and the overall functioning of the system. Managers should understand the relationships within the organization. This helps in promoting collaboration and teamwork.

भनेको मतलब Organizations are made up of people who work and interact with each other. त्यसैले managerहरुले यस्तो people to people बिचको relationship पनि ख्याल गर्नुपर्छ।

यो ३ वटै points लाई मेस – M E S भनेर सम्झिने। अब Nature of Organization भनेकै मेस हो नि त!

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Group A – Brief Answer Questions

Group A को लागि Chapterwise TU Solution

Organizational Behavior System

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Q) What is Organizational Behavior system?

→ An organizational behavior system is a way to look at how people work together in an organization. It has three parts: inputs, processes, and outputs. 

Q) Point out the input variables of organizational behavior system. [2073 Q.No.1]

→ The Input variables of organization behavior system are:
1. Individual level input variables: Skills, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits.
2. Group level input variables: Group size, composition, diversity, norms etc..
3. Organizational level input variables: Organizational rules, culture, structure, and policies.

Q) Point out the group level input variables of organizational behavior system. [2076 Q.No.1]

→ The group level input variables of organization behavior system are group size, group composition, group diversity, group norms, group cohesiveness, group leadership, and group goals and objectives.

Q) Point out the organization level input variables of organizational behavior system. [2076 Q.No.1]

→The organization level input variables of organization behavior system are organizational culture, structure, policies, and resources.

Basic Assumptions of Organizational Behavior

Q) Point out the two basic assumptions of organizational behavior? [TU Model Question 2022 Q.No.2] [2078 Q.No.1] [2077 Q.No.1]

→ The basic assumptions of organizational behavior are:
1. The nature of people 
2. The nature of organizations.

अझै पढ्नुहोस् अहिलेलाई यो लुकाउनुहोस्

Group B – Descriptive Answer Questions

Group B को लागि Chapterwise TU Solution

Organizational Behavior System

Q) What is organizational behavior system? What are input, process and output variables?

Concept of Organizational Behavior System

An organizational behavior system is a way to look at how people work together in an organization. It has three parts: inputs, processes, and outputs. Inputs are the things that go into the system like people, money, and resources. Processes are the activities that transform inputs into outputs, such as production, marketing, and management. Outputs are the things that come out of the system like products, services, and profits. The organizational behavior system is a way to understand how all of these things work together to make an organization successful.

Input, Process and Output variables

1. Input variables: These are the things that come into a company and affect how people behave. They can be things about individuals, groups, or the whole organization.

  • Individual level input variables are the things about a person, like their skills, attitudes, knowledge and how they feel about their job.
  • Group level input variables are things that affect how a group works together. They are about the group’s qualities, who is in the group, and the situation they are in.
  • Organizational level input variables are the things about the whole company, like its rules, culture, structure, and policies.

2.Process variables: These are the things that happen inside a company that affect behavior. They can be things about individuals, groups, or the whole organization.

  • Individual level process variables are the behaviors of employees, such as their communication styles, decision-making ways, and work habits.
  • Group level process variables are the things like how a team talks and makes decisions, how individuals interact among group members, including their communication, conflict resolution, and leadership within the group.
  • Organizational level process variables are the processes implemented by the organization, such as performance management, training programs.

3. Output variables: These are the end results or the end behavior that an organization produces from its input and process variables. They can be tangible products, such as goods or services, or intangible outcomes, such as customer satisfaction.

  • Individual level output variables are individual performance, job satisfaction, employee engagement, and career development outcomes.
  • Group level output variables are team performance, satisfaction with teamwork, and shared goals achievement.
  • Organizational level output variables are organizational performance, financial results, customer satisfaction, and employee retention (जागिरमा टिकिरहने अवस्था).

Overall, the input, process, and output variables of organizational behavior systems work together in a cyclical process of continuous improvement. Understanding these variables helps companies improve how they work and make things better for everyone involved.

एउटा उदाहरण हेरौं है त:
Let’s see an example of how input, process, and output variables work together in an organization.

A company wants to make a new product. To do this, the company needs to hire engineers to design the product, buy materials and use machines to make the product. The company then sells the product to customers and makes a profit from selling the product.

In this example, the input variables are the engineers, the materials, and the machines. The process variables are the design, the manufacturing, and the sales. The output variables are the product and the profit.

Basic Assumptions of Organizational Behavior

Q) What are the basic assumptions of organizational behavior?

Basic Assumptions of Organizational Behavior

There are two main categories of basic assumptions in organizational behavior – Assumptions about the Nature of People and Assumptions about the Nature of Organizations.

1. Assumptions about The Nature of People
This category of assumptions deals with how people are motivated, how they learn and develop, and how they interact with others. The main assumptions in this category are:

a. Individual Differences:  Individual differences assume that people are different from one another. They have their own abilities, skills, and personality traits. They also come from diverse backgrounds and have different experiences. These may influence their behavior and performance in an organization. Recognizing and respecting these differences helps create a more inclusive and effective work environment. Managers should understand the differences and act accordingly to maximize individual and organizational performance.

भनेको मतलब People are different from each other in terms of their abilities, personality, values, and needs. त्यसैले manager हरुले हरेक people लाई उनीहरुको स्वभाव र needs अनुसार फरक फरक शैलीमा deal गर्नु पर्ने हुन्छ।

b. A Whole Person: A whole person assumes that people have personal lives, interests, and emotions. When they come in an organization they bring their entire selves, including their emotions, attitudes, values, and beliefs, to the workplace. These things may impact their interactions with others. Managers should consider the holistic (whole) well-being of individuals to create a supportive and positive work environment. Giving focus to the whole person helps promote engagement, loyalty, and overall employee satisfaction.

भनेको मतलब People can not be just limited to their role in their jobs. They have a life outside of work also. त्यसैले managers should consider the personal lives of their employees when making decisions.

c. Motivated Behavior: Motivated behavior assumes that people are driven by their needs, desires, and goals. They seek rewards and recognition for their efforts. They want motivation from different factors, such as financial rewards or job satisfaction. Therefore, managers need to understand and satisfy these motives to enhance employees’ performance and satisfaction. Individual motivations improves employee engagement and productivity.

भनेको मतलब People’s behavior is motivated by a variety of factors like their needs, desires and goals. Therefore, managers should understand this and help their employees to fulfill their needs, desires and goals.

d. Value of Person: The value of a person assumes that every individual has inherent worth and deserves respect. Individuals’ skills and knowledge benefit the organization so, they should be treated with dignity. Managers should respect and recognize the contribution of each person in the organization. Valuing individuals promote loyalty, commitment, and a sense of belonging within the organization.

भनेको मतलब People have value (महत्व) and self-dignity (आत्म-सम्मान), and therefore managers should treat their employees with respect and dignity.

एउटा काम गर्नुस् त। 5 पटक जोडसंग “I am a Whole Person with Motivated Behavior and Value र I have individual differences” भनेर हल्लिदै भन्नुस त। पुरै 5 पटक नै भन्नुस् है 🙂

2. Assumptions about The Nature of Organizations (*MES*)
This category of assumptions deals with how organizations function, how they interact with their people, and how they are built. The main assumptions in this category are:

a. Mutuality of Interest (Shared Interest): Mutuality of interest assumes that organizations consist of people with different roles and responsibilities, but they share a common interest in achieving organizational goal. The success of the organization is closely tied to the well-being and success of its employees. When the interests of individuals and the organization go together, it creates a mutually beneficial relationship. Managers should create an environment where the needs and interests of both individuals and the organization are met. This leads to increased employee satisfaction and organizational performance.

भनेको मतलब Organizations and their members have a shared interest in the organization’s success.

b. Ethical Treatment: Ethical treatment assumes that organizations should treat their employees, customers, and others involved with the organization ethically and with fairness. Ethical treatment involves respecting the rights, dignity, and well-being of individuals. Managers should promote ethical behavior within an organization creates a positive work culture and builds trust. Ethical treatment includes transparency, honesty, and adhering to moral and legal standards. Organizations that prioritize ethical treatment enjoy a good reputation in the marketplace.

भनेको मतलब Organizations should treat their members in an ethical and fair manner. (नैतिक र उचित पाराले treat गर्नुपर्छ )

c. Social System: Social systems assume that organizations are made up of people and work together to achieve common goals. The relationships and interactions among individuals form a social system in an organization. The behavior of one person can have an impact on others and the overall functioning of the system. Managers should understand the relationships within the organization. This helps in promoting collaboration and teamwork.

भनेको मतलब Organizations are made up of people who work and interact with each other. त्यसैले managerहरुले यस्तो people to people बिचको relationship पनि ख्याल गर्नुपर्छ।

यो ३ वटै points लाई मेस – M E S भनेर सम्झिने। अब Nature of Organization भनेकै मेस हो नि त!

TU Solution हेरिसक्नुभयो? त्यसो भए click here to go back to the Chapter Notes tab.

Group C – Analytical Answer Questions

Group C को लागि Chapterwise TU Solution

Q) What is OB system? What are its input, process, and output variables? Explain the levels of OB analysis.

Note: All possible question-topics that can be asked in this group are already discussed earlier in Group B. Therefore, relax now and move on to the next lesson!

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